螺紋的種類繁多,姑且不論特殊螺紋,以標準螺紋來講,它們的代號就有一大堆,如下表所示:
螺紋代號
|
螺紋代號意思或全名
|
UNC / UNRC
|
Unified Coarse Thread Series
|
UNF / UNRF
|
Unified Fine Thread Series
|
UNEF / UNREF
|
Unified Extra Fine Thread Series
|
UNS / UNRS
|
Unified Thread of Special
|
Diameters Pitches and Lengths
| |
Engagement
| |
NEF
|
American National Extra Find
|
Thread Series
| |
NH/NST
|
American National Hose Coupling
|
and Firehose Couplings Threads
| |
NPT
|
American Standard Taper Pipe
|
Threads for General
| |
NPSM
|
American Standard Straight Pipe
|
Threads for Free Fitting Mechanical
| |
Joints for fixture
| |
NPSH
|
American Standard Straight Pipe
|
Threads for Loose Fitting
| |
Mechanical joints for Hose
| |
Couplings
| |
NPTF
|
Dryseal American Standard Taper
|
Pipe Threads
| |
M
|
ISO Metric Threads
|
S
|
ISO Miniature Screw Thread
|
Tr
|
Metric Taper Threads
|
Tw
|
29 Deg. Taper Threads
|
R
|
Taper Male Threads for pipes
|
Rc
|
Taper female Threads for pipes
|
Rp
|
Parallel Female Threads to "R" for pipes
|
G
|
Parallel Female Thread for pipes in Machanical Connection
|
PF
|
Parallel Threads for pipes
|
PT
|
Taper Threads for pipes
|
PS
|
Parallel Female Threads to "R" for pipes
|
BSW
|
British Standard Whitworth Threads
|
BSF
|
British Standard Find Thread
|
ACME
|
Acme Thread General Purpose
|
這一大堆不同的規範不是一本小小的機械便覽可以交待清楚,世界各國以英、美、德及ISO規範言,就有BS 2779, BS 21, ISO 228, ISO 7, DIN 259, DIN 2999, ANSI B1.20.1, ANSI B1.20.3…等等,而且更離譜的是這些規範不是可以免費下載的,如果要搜羅齊全這些版本,至少要花費數十萬台幣…
以管螺紋來說:可分成英制PT、美制NPT、PS直螺紋、PF細牙
管螺紋英制PT :錐度比 1:16,牙深= 0.6403*(25.4/每吋牙數),牙角55度。
管螺紋美製NPT:錐度比1:16,牙角60度。
這樣麻煩的規定,連牙角與牙形都不一樣,真是亂,所以如果想要車製這類螺紋,一定要先搞清楚它們每一個細節…
題目:用CNC車床車製牙角60度的錐度管螺紋 NPT 3/4-14(設已知外徑(最大徑)3/4英吋,每1英吋有14牙,錐長24mm,錐度比1/16,螺紋長20mm),求其CNC程式中I(或R)值的計算?
Ans :
錐度螺紋的I值的意思是 : 牙刀車螺紋時的起點與終點的半徑差的值...
如果已得知這起點與終點的半徑,那直接求差值即可,但是,一般說來,牙刀車螺紋時必需離開螺紋入口端一段距離才能開始車螺紋,如下圖所示,所以這螺紋起點的X值一般都是未知,故另有一個公式可用來計算I值,這公式的的導法是這樣的: 設1.錐度值T 2. 牙刀起點直徑 3.牙刀終點直徑 4.牙刀起點與終點的軸向長度L,因為 錐度值T的定義是 :直徑差值/錐長
=> T =(牙刀起點直徑-牙刀終點直徑)/起點與終點的軸向長度
=> T =(2*I)/L
=> I= 0.5*T*L
這個公式可以讓CNC程式寫作者在不用知道牙刀車螺紋時的起點的直徑值,就可以計算出I值。
至於I的正負值則由(牙刀起點直徑-牙刀終點直徑)來判斷,當牙刀起點直徑<牙刀終點直徑,則I為負值...
如果採用直進式切削螺紋,則因螺紋起點的Z值的固定,I值只要計算一次就好了,但是,如果採用斜進式切削螺紋,則因每刀的螺紋起點的改變,它的Z值每刀都不一樣,I值便得每刀都要重新計算,這對於手寫錐度螺紋的CNC程式的工程師來說,實在太辛苦了,所以FGcam便針對錐度螺紋的斜進式切削,採有自動更新I值的功能,如底下程式所示。
T0707
G97S600M03
G0 G40 X22.0 Z6.4
M08
G1 X22.0 Z3.37 F0.5
G92 X17.8 Z-20.0 I-0.73 F1.814
G1 X22.0 Z3.203 F0.1
G92 X17.18 Z-20.0 I-0.725 F1.814
G1 X22.0 Z3.076 F0.1
G92 X16.7 Z-20.0 I-0.721 F1.814
G1 X22.0 Z3.0 F0.1
G92 X16.48 Z-20.0 I-0.719 F1.814
G1 X22.0 Z2.909 F0.1
G92 X16.57 Z-20.0 I-0.716 F1.814
G1 X22.0 Z3.091 F0.1
G92 X16.57 Z-20.0 I-0.722 F1.814
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