本文試例舉一題CNC車床乙級檢定來做練習。
1. CAD 方面 : 作圖約5-10分鐘,如下圖所示。
2. CAM 方面: 設定加工所需參數並產出刀具路徑,約3-5分鐘。
2. 1 設定切削參數:2.1.1 設定排程 : 這個工件需要調頭再車,所以設定首車是從第1階級車到第10階級(圖面上有自動標號),調頭再車是由第14階級車到第11階級,調頭再車的夾持點在第9階級。
2.1.2 設定胚料直徑及首車界外量 : FGcam會根據使用者給定的胚料直徑,來更改刀具路徑,此外,通長胚料會比工件略長,所以,首車界外量給定3mm時,FGcam會給與刀具路徑來車掉過長的3mm長度,使用者在CNC車床上校刀時,也需將程式原點給定在端面之內3mm之處。
2.2. 加工區辨識:此步驟旨在讓FGcam自動分割不同的加工區域,Fgcam在辨識過程中如果發現工件有內孔,就會自動跳出下圖之對話框來詢問使用者要如何加工此內孔,CNC車床乙級檢定的工件大半都已先鑽好內孔,故只要填入預鑽好的內孔的尺寸即可。
2.3 產出刀具路徑;FGcam並自動挑選合適的刀具來車削各不同的加工區域,並秀出個刀具的切削路徑。
2.3.1外徑粗切
T0202
G50 S2200
G96S150M03
G0 G40 X69.0 Z1.54
M08
G1 X10.0 Z1.54 F0.25
X-2.0 F0.15
Z2.54 F1.25
G0 X65.0
G1 X65.67 Z3.1 F2.5
G71 U2.5 R0.5
G71 P10 Q20 U0.3 W0.1 F0.2
N10 G42 G0 X26.873
G1 Z0.02
X27.0 Z0.0
X29.9 Z-1.5 R-0.18
Z-25.0
X40.0 R-0.18
X41.985 Z-26.0 R-0.18
Z-56.0
X52.0
G3 X58.0 Z-59.0 R3.0
G1 Z-60.1
N20 G1X65.67
G40 G0 X28.873 Z2.0
G1 Z1.05 F1.25
X10.0 F0.25
X-2.0
Z1.55 F1.25
G0 X28.873
G1 Z0.08
X10.0 F0.25
X-2.0 F0.15
Z1.0 F1.25
G0 X67.0 Z3.0
G0 X26.0 Z1.0
G1 Z0.0 F0.2
X30.0 Z-2.0
G1 Z-22.0
G0 X65.0
M09
G0 X63. Z150.
M01
2.3.2 外徑凹槽粗切
T0606
G97S1200M03
G0 G40 X65.0 Z-23.1
M08
X31.9
G1 X30.5 F0.75
X24.4 F0.05
G0 X30.5
G1 Z-24.9 F0.5
X24.4 F0.08
G0 X67.0
G0 G40 X67.0 Z-39.433
X43.985
G1 X42.385 F0.5
X30.4 F0.05
G0 X43.985
G1 X42.385 Z-41.767 F0.5
X30.4 F0.08
G0 X43.985
G1 X42.385 Z-44.1 F0.5
X30.4 F0.08
G0 X43.985
G1 X44.585 Z-45.9 F0.5
X41.0 F0.75
X30.4 F0.08
G0 X44.985
X59.0 Z-37.1
G1 X40.4 Z-38.1
X30.4
X44.985 F0.5
Z-46.9
X42.985 F0.25
X40.4 Z-45.9 F0.08
X30.4
G0 X45.985 Z-45.88
M09
G0 X63. Z150.
M01
此上的這段CNC程式,常會被初學者詬病,覺得像是老太婆的裹腳布,又臭又長的,何不用G75兩行就了結,其實,如果對G75有研究的人,大都會覺得G75是 : 省了程式卻長了加工時間,因為G75的進給 F是從一而終,該快的時候不快,耗費太多的加工時間。
2.3.3 外徑車牙
T0707(G92車削法)
G97S600M03
G0 G40 X32.0 Z7.5
M08
G1 X32.0 Z4.45 F0.5
G92 X29.0 Z-22.0 F2.0
G1 X32.0 Z4.257 F0.1
G92 X28.38 Z-22.0 F2.0
G1 X32.0 Z4.111 F0.1
G92 X27.9 Z-22.0 F2.0
G1 X32.0 Z4.0 F0.1
G92 X27.55 Z-22.0 F2.0
G1 X32.0 Z3.914 F0.1
G92 X27.55 Z-22.0 F2.0
G1 X32.0 Z4.086 F0.1
G92 X27.55 Z-22.0 F2.0
G0 X65.0
M09
G0 X63. Z150.
M01
或者採用G76車削法
T0707
G97S600M03
G0 G40 X32.0 Z7.5
M08
G1 Z4.45 F1.
G76 P010060 Q40 R0.02
G76 X27.546 Z-22.0 P1226 Q500 F2.0
G0 X65.0
M09
G0 X63. Z150.
M01
G97S600M03
G0 G40 X32.0 Z7.5
M08
G1 Z4.45 F1.
G76 P010060 Q40 R0.02
G76 X27.546 Z-22.0 P1226 Q500 F2.0
G0 X65.0
M09
G0 X63. Z150.
M01
此上的這兩段CNC程式,初學者常喜好以G76來寫,兩行就了結,其實,如果對G76有研究的人,大都知道G76的效率不高,省了程式卻長了加工時間,如果牙距大,那就更明顯,因此,有些CNC師傅會選擇用G92來車,不過,這還得搭配G1來偏移,這樣才比較不會啃刀或崩刀。
2.3.4 外徑精車削一
T0404
G50 S2200
G96S200M03
G0 G40 X67.0 Z2.0
M08
G42 X-1.0
G1 Z0.0 F0.2
X27.0 R-0.18 F0.1
X29.9 Z-1.5 R-0.18
Z-19.82 R-0.18
X28.82 Z-20.18
Z-21.18 F0.2
X24.04 Z-24.4 F1.5
X24.0 Z-25.0 F0.1
X40.0 R-0.18
X41.985 Z-26.0 R-0.18
Z-34.0 R-0.18
X40.0 Z-35.0
Z-36.0 F0.2
X30.04 Z-45.4 F1.5
X30.0 Z-46.0 F0.1
X40.0 R-0.18
X41.985 Z-47.0 R-0.18
Z-56.0
X52.0
G3 X58.0 Z-59.0 R3.0
G1 Z-59.8
G0 X69.0
G40 X71.0
M09
G0 X63. Z150.
M01
2.3.5 外徑精車削二
T0606
G97S1200M03
G0 G40 X67.0 Z-22.5
M08
X31.9
G1 X29.747 Z-23.0 F0.12
X24.0 F0.04
G04 P1000
Z-24.996
G04 P1000
G0 X43.48 Z-24.6
Z-37.6
G1 X39.823 Z-38.0 F0.12
X30.0 F0.04
G04 P1000
Z-46.0
G04 P1000
G40 G0 X65.0
M09
G28U0W0
2.3.6 調頭車削之外徑粗車一
T0202
G50 S2200
G96S150M03
G0 G40 X69.0 Z0.08
M08
G1 X26.0 Z0.08 F0.15
Z1.08 F1.25
G0 X65.0
G1 X65.67 Z1.1 F2.5
G71 U2.5 R0.5
G71 P10 Q20 U0.3 W0.1 F0.2
N10 G42 G0 X50.606
G1 Z0.02
X52.0 Z0.0
G3 X58.0 Z-3.0 R3.0
G1 Z-31.001
X58.06 Z-32.001
X65.0
N20 G1X65.67
G0 X63. Z150.
M01
2.3.7 調頭車削之外徑粗車二:圓凹槽
T0404
G50 S2200
G96S120M03
G0 G40 X66.0 Z-9.656
M08
X59.0
G1 X58.3 F1.15
G2 X56.005 Z-11.913 R14.0 F0.08
G1 X55.15
Z-22.894 F0.23
G2 X58.2 Z-24.758 R12.0
G0 Z-11.913
G1 X55.15 Z-11.963
G2 X52.3 Z-16.305 R14.0 F0.08
G1 Z-18.842 F0.23
G2 X54.865 Z-22.489 R12.0
G0 X60.0
X58.4 Z-9.463
G2 X57.704 Z-24.788 R11.6 F0.34
G40 G0 X67.0
M09
G0 X63. Z150.
M01
或者使用G73寫法;
G96 S120 M03
G0X66.0 Z-8.56
G73 U2.0 W0 R3
G73 P101 Q102 U0.6 W0 F0.1
N101 G40 G0 X60.
G42 G2 Z-25.945 R12.
N102 G40 G0 X61.
車削循環3次,前兩次進刀單邊深度2/3.5 = 0.57mm,第三次進刀0.57/2=0.285mm,並預留X方向0.6mm以待精修。
2.3.8 調頭車削之內徑粗車
T1010
G50 S2200
G96S100M03
G0 G40 X28.0 Z1.5
M08
G71 U1.5 R0.5
G71 P50 Q60 U-0.3 W0.1 F0.2
N50 G41 G0 X47.96
G1 Z0.02
X46.02 Z0.0 R0.24
X36.02 Z-20.0 R0.24
Z-30.0
N60 G1X27.1
G40 G0 X28.0 Z11.0
M09
G0 X63. Z100.
M01
2.3.9 調頭車削之外徑精車
T0404
G50 S2200
G96S200M03
G0 G40 X67.0 Z2.5
M08
G42 X45.02
G1 Z0.0 F0.1
X52.0
G3 X58.0 Z-3.0 R3.0
G1 Z-8.995
G3 X57.911 Z-9.114 R0.18
G2 Z-24.887 R12.0
G3 X58.0 Z-25.006 R0.18
G1 Z-31.801
G0 X65.0
G40 Z2.5
G50 S2200
G96S200M03
G0 G40 X67.0 Z2.5
G42 X45.02
G1 Z0.0 F0.1
X52.0
G3 X58.0 Z-3.0 R3.0
G1 Z-8.995
G3 X57.911 Z-9.114 R0.18
G2 Z-24.887 R12.0
G3 X58.0 Z-25.006 R0.18
G1 Z-31.801
G0 X65.0
G40 Z2.5
G0 Z30.
M09
G0 X63. Z150.
M01
2.3.10 調頭車削之內徑精車
T1111
G50 S2200
G96S150M03
G0 G40 X28.0 Z2.
M08
G70 P50 Q60 F0.1
M09
G28U0W0
M30
老師你好,有其他的乙級題目嗎??這是我的信箱,希望能參考老師的手寫加強程式的部份
回覆刪除ccoo11111@yahoo.com.tw
老師您好,學生之前2019年07.08月受訓銑床,目前從事車床工作。還有拜讀老師G76車牙,那篇文章。可否請老師寄車床&銑床模擬器檔案&G76試算表檔案以及車床乙級檢定題目嗎?我的信箱andywowo@yahoo.com.tw麻煩您,謝謝老師。
回覆刪除請參考 https://www.facebook.com/BlakeFGcam/posts/748119821959320
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